The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.